Reflexões sobre a formação acadêmica na educação física à luz das tecnologias de si em Foucault / Reflexiones sobre la formación académica en educación física a la luz de las tecnologías del yo en Foucault / Reflections about academic formation in physical education on the light of technologies of self in Foucault

Este artigo busca respaldo nas concepções foucaultianas de ética e estética da existência para compor reflexões sobre a formação acadêmica na Educação Física. Como guisa à mobilização desse intento, se contextualiza a noção de "tecnologias de si", encontrada na última etapa da obra de Michel Foucault. Na sequência, traçam-se aproximações, heterogêneas e diferenciais, entre a problemática ética colocada à constituição do sujeito e a formação acadêmica. Ainda que essas aproximações devam ser vistas com cautela - para não tomar as práticas de constituição dos sujeitos antigos como origem longínqua para forjar e explicar um modelo formativo para os sujeitos modernos - tais aproximações apontam para outras racionalidades não-hegemônicas que se contrapõem às lógicas capacitativas comumente atribuídas à formação acadêmica, que tendem a ser reduzidas apenas a seus aspectos instrumentais. Deste modo, as reflexões que aqui se avizinham não afirmam teorias gerais, tampouco verdades boas ou ruins sobre a formação, mas dão visibilidade para a composição de práticas discursivas e não-discursivas alternativas de elaboração e lapidação de si, estabelecidas nos jogos de força que as sustentam ao longo do percurso formativo. (AU)

Este artículo busca apoyo en las concepciones de Foucault sobre ética y estética de la existencia para reflexionar sobre la formación académica en Educación Física. Como guía para esta reflexión, se contextualiza la noción de 'tecnologías del yo', que se encuentra en la última etapa de la obra de Michel Foucault. Posteriormente, se establecen aproximaciones heterogéneas y diferenciales entre la cuestión ética planteada en la constitución del sujeto y la formación académica. Aunque estas aproximaciones deben ser vistas con cautela - para no considerar las prácticas de constitución de sujetos antiguos como un origen lejano para forjar y explicar un modelo formativo para los sujetos modernos - tales aproximaciones apuntan a otras racionalidades no hegemónicas que se oponen a las lógicas capacitativas comúnmente atribuidas a la formación académica, que tienden a reducirse a sus aspectos instrumentales. De esta forma, las reflexiones que aquí se adelantan no afirman teorías generales ni verdades absolutas sobre la formación, pero dan visibilidad a la composición de prácticas alternativas, discursivas y no discursivas, de elaboración y transformación del yo, establecidas en los juegos de fuerza que las sustentan a lo largo del camino de la formación. (AU)

This article seeks support in Foucault's conceptions of ethics and aesthetics of existence to compose reflections on academic training in Physical Education. As a way to mobilize this intent, the notion of "technologies of the self", found in the last stage of Michel Foucault's work, is contextualized. Next, heterogeneous and differential approximations are outlined between the ethical problem posed to the constitution of the subject and academic training. Although these approximations must be seen with caution - in order not to take the constitution practices of ancient subjects as a distant origin to forge and explain a formative model for modern subjects - such approximations point to other non-hegemonic rationalities that oppose the enabling logics commonly attributed to academic training, which tend to be reduced to its instrumental aspects only. In this way, the reflections ahead here do not affirm general theories, nor good or bad truths about training, but give visibility to the composition of alternative discursive and non-discursive practices of elaboration and shaping of the self, established in the power dynamics that support them throughout the formative journey. (AU)

Disseminated dermatophytosis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: literature review and presentation of clinical experience / Dermatofitose disseminada e síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida: revisão de literatura e apresentação de experiência clínica

Introduction: Dermatophytosis are very common fungal infections caused by the fungal species Microsporum, Epidermophyton or Trichophyton, which mostly affect the skin, the interdigital region, groin and scalp. Although they do not cause serious diseases, in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus the infection manifests itself and evolves exuberantly, usually with extensive and disseminated lesions. Objective: To review the literature on dermatophytosis in people living with human immunodeficiency virus and to present the experience in clinical care in a patient living with human immunodeficiency virus with extensive and disseminated dermatophytosis. Methods: A literature review on the topic was carried out in the PubMed/National Library of Medicine ­ USA databases, using the keywords dermatophytosis, or dermatophytosis associated with the words AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus or immunodeficiency, from 1988­2022. The clinical experience showed a patient living with human immunodeficiency virus developing AIDS and presenting with disseminated skin lesions. Samples of the lesion were collected by scraping, which were submitted to culture and there was growth of fungi of the Trichophyton sp genus. A biopsy of the lesion was also performed using the Grocott-Gomori's Methenamine Silver stain. Results: We found 1,014 articles, of which only 34 presented a direct correlation with our paper, and were used to discuss the main themes narrated in this article. We present clinical experience in the management of a patient with human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS and low adherence to antiretroviral treatment, showing extensive and disseminated erythematous-squamous lesions with a clinical diagnosis of tinea corporis, manifesting with a clinical picture usually not found in immunocompetent patients. The diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory tests with isolation of the Trichophyton sp fungus. The patient was treated with oral fluconazole, with complete remission of the clinical picture after two months. She was also thoroughly encouraged to use the prescribed antiretroviral medication correctly. Conclusion: Dermatophytosis in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus can present extensive and disseminated forms. The antifungal treatment is quite effective, with remission of the condition. Antiretroviral therapy is an important adjuvant for better recovery of the sickness.

Introdução: Dermatofitoses são infecções comuns, causadas pelas espécies fúngicas Microsporum, Epidermophyton ou Trichophyton, que acometem preferencialmente a pele da região interdigital, da virilha e do couro cabeludo. Apesar de não causar doenças graves, em pacientes portadores do vírus da imunodeficiência humana, a infecção se manifesta e evolui de forma exuberante, normalmente com lesões extensas e disseminadas. Objetivo: Fazer revisão de literatura sobre dermatofitose em pessoas vivendo com vírus da imunodeficiência humana e apresentar a experiência na atenção clínica em uma paciente vivendo com o vírus e dermatofitose extensa e disseminada. Métodos: A revisão de literatura sobre o tema baseou-se nos dados do Pubmed/National Library of Medicine, dos Estados Unidos, utilizando-se as palavras-chave dermatofitose, dermatofitose e AIDS, dermatofitose e vírus da imunodeficiência humana, e dermatofitose e imunodeficiência, de 1988­2022. Descreveu-se a experiência clínica na abordagem de uma paciente vivendo com vírus da imunodeficiência humana, a qual desenvolveu AIDS e apresentou lesões cutâneas disseminadas. Por raspado, foram coletadas amostras da lesão e submetidas à cultura, e constatou-se crescimento de fungos do gênero Trichophyton sp. Realizou-se também biópsia da lesão, corada pelo método da metenamina de prata de Grocott-Gomori. Resultados: Foram encontrados 1.014 artigos, dos quais apenas 34 apresentaram correlação direta com nosso trabalho, e foram utilizados para discorrer sobre os principais temas narrados neste artigo. Apresentou-se experiência clínica na abordagem de uma paciente com vírus da imunodeficiência humana/AIDS e baixa adesão ao tratamento antirretroviral, exibindo lacerações eritematoescamosas extensas e disseminadas, com diagnóstico clínico de Tinea corporis, manifestando-se com quadro clínico usualmente não encontrado em pacientes imunocompetentes. O diagnóstico foi confirmado por exames laboratoriais com isolamento do fungo Trichophyton sp. Tratada com fluconazol via oral, a paciente apresentou remissão parcial das infecções aos dois meses e completa aos seis meses. Também foi exaustivamente estimulada a usar corretamente a medicação antirretroviral prescrita. Conclusão: A dermatofitose em pacientes com vírus da imunodeficiência humana pode se apresentar de forma extensa e disseminada. O tratamento antifúngico é eficaz, com remissão do quadro. A terapia antirretroviral é importante adjuvante para melhor recuperação dos enfermos

Molluscum Contagiosum Associated with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Experience in HIV outpatient care and literature review / Molusco contagioso associado à síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida: experiência no atendimento em ambulatório de HIV e revisão da literatura

Introduction: Molluscum contagiosum is a dermatosis caused by a DNA virus of the family Poxvirus and genus Molluscipoxvirus, affecting mainly children, sexually active adults, atopic individuals and immunocompromised patients, especially those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Objective: To describe our experience in caring for patients living with HIV who presented with extensive and severe Molluscum contagiosum, and to conduct a literature review on the subject as well. Methods: An electronic search was carried out in the MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO databases and in the books: ATLAIDS and AZULAY limited to the period of January 2017 to June 2021. Results: Four clinical cases are reported in people living with HIV with extensive lesions normally not found in immunocompetent patients. The treatment performed in the cases reported in this article was the punctual application of 90% trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to each lesion, with complete remission of the clinical presentation in two patients over a period of three and six months. The other two patients did not receive treatment for molluscum contagiosum as they died because of pulmonary complications. Conclusion: Infection with Molluscum contagiosum in people living with HIV has disseminated forms with large-volume lesions, with substantial stigmatizing aesthetic impairment, and treatment with 100% TCA is quite effective.

Introdução: Molusco contagioso é uma dermatose causada por um vírus de DNA da família poxvírus e do gênero Molluscipoxvirus. Afeta principalmente crianças, adultos sexualmente ativos, indivíduos atópicos e pacientes imunodeprimidos, especialmente aqueles com infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Objetivo: Descrever a experiência no atendimento de pacientes vivendo com HIV que apresentaram quadro de molusco contagioso extenso e grave, além de realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa eletrônica nas bases de dados MEDLINE/PubMed e SciELO e nos livros ATLAIDS e AZULAY, limitada ao período de janeiro de 2017 a junho de 2021. Resultados: São relatados quatro casos clínicos em pessoas que vivem com HIV com lesões extensas normalmente não encontradas em pacientes imunocompetentes O tratamento realizado nos casos relatados nesse artigo foi a aplicação pontual de ácido tricloroacético (ATC) 100% em cada lesão, com a remissão completa do quadro clínico em dois pacientes em um período de tempo entre três e seis meses. Os outros dois pacientes não receberam tratamento para o vírus do molusco contagioso pois evoluíram para óbito em razão de complicações pulmonares. Conclusão: A infecção pelo molusco contagioso em pessoas vivendo com HIV apresenta formas disseminadas com lesões de grande volume, com comprometimento estético estigmatizante importante, e o tratamento com ATC 90% é bastante eficaz.

Herpetic whitlow in a child with AIDS: the importance of Tzanck test in the diagnosis

Abstract Herpetic whitlow is a viral infection of the fingers caused by the herpes simplex virus. The disease has a bimodal age distribution, affecting children under 10 years of age and young adults between 20 and 30 years old. It can be easily mistaken for panaritium or bacterial cellulitis. In patients with AIDS, atypical, chronic and recurrent ulcerated lesions occur. The Tzanck test allows a quick and low-cost diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection. The authors report the case of a child with AIDS with painful finger ulcers in which the diagnosis was confirmed by the Tzanck test.

Herpetic whitlow in a child with AIDS: the importance of Tzanck test in the diagnosis.

Herpetic whitlow is a viral infection of the fingers caused by the herpes simplex virus. The disease has a bimodal age distribution, affecting children under 10 years of age and young adults between 20 and 30 years old. It can be easily mistaken for panaritium or bacterial cellulitis. In patients with AIDS, atypical, chronic and recurrent ulcerated lesions occur. The Tzanck test allows a quick and low-cost diagnosis of herpes simplex virus infection. The authors report the case of a child with AIDS with painful finger ulcers in which the diagnosis was confirmed by the Tzanck test.

Secondary syphilis presenting as Syphilide psoriasiforme: lessons from the older syphilology literature.

It is essential for health care providers to be familiared with the full spectrum of clinical presentations of syphilis. We present herein a case of syphilide psoriasiforme, an uncommon but well recognized clinical presentation of secondary syphilis. A 46-year-old HIV-infected female patient was referred to our attention with a presumptive diagnosis of palmoplantar psoriasis. On examination, there were exuberant pinkish-red papules and plaques covered with a thick silvery scale in the palms, flexor surfaces of the wrists, and the medial longitudinal arches of the feet. Serological and histopathological analyses uncovered the diagnosis of syphilis. Clinical remission was obtained after treatment. A detailed review of the literature on syphilide psoriasiforme, including descriptions from older syphilology textsis provided. The present case report emphasizes the need for clinicians to have a heightened awareness of the varied and unusual clinical phenotypes of syphilis.

Antiretroviral therapy-induced paradoxical worsening of previously healed Mycobacterium haemophilum cutaneous lesions in advanced HIV infection.

Mycobacterium haemophilum is a nontuberculous mycobacterium that causes localized or disseminated disease, mainly in immunocompromised hosts. We report the case of a 35-year-old HIV-infected woman who presented with several enlarging cutaneous lesions over the arms and legs. Histopathological examination revealed the diagnosis of a cutaneous mycobacterial disease. Mycobacterial analyses unveiled M. haemophilum infection. Six months after completion of a successful antimycobacterial treatment, she developed an immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). This paradoxical relapse presented as tenderness, redness and swelling at the precise sites of the healed lesions and took place in the setting of significant recovery of the CD4 cell count (from 05 to 318 cells/mm 3 ). Microbiological analyses of these worsening lesions were negative, and they spontaneously remitted without the initiation of a novel antimycobacterial treatment cycle. M. haemophilum infection should always be considered as a cause of skin lesions in immunocompromised subjects. Physicians should be aware of the possibility of IRIS as a complication of successful antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients with M. haemophilum infection.

Perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes com hanseníase atendidos em hospital universitário no Rio de Janeiro entre 2008 e 2017 / Clinical and epidemiological profile of leprosy patients admitted to a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro between 2008 and 2017

Modelo do estudo: Estudo observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo e descritivo de uma coorte de pacientes. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil clínico e epidemiológico dos pacientes com diagnóstico de hanseníase, atendidos em um centro de referência no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Metodologia: Foram incluídos todos os pacientes com diagnóstico de hanseníase atendidos no Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle entre os anos de 2008 a 2017. Os dados foram coletados através da revisão de prontuários e analisados através de estatística descritiva, utilizando-se o software SPSS 22.0 database. Resultados: Um total de 112 pacientes foi incluído no estudo, sendo que 54,5% eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi de 49,9 anos, 62,4% eram moradores do município do Rio de Janeiro e 69,9% apresentaram formas clínicas multibacilares da hanseníase. Foi possível avaliar o grau de incapacidade inicial de 36 (32,1%) dos pacientes incluídos. Desses, 25% apresentaram grau de incapacidade inicial II. Durante o tratamento poliquimioterápico, 21 (18,8%) pacientes apresentaram algum efeito colateral, sendo o mais comum a anemia relacionada à dapsona. Cinquenta e nove (52,7%) pacientes apresentaram algum tipo de estado reacional da hanseníase e 10 (8,9%) apresentaram complicações sistêmicas graves durante o acompanhamento. Conclusões: O presente estudo evidenciou um perfil clínico-epidemiológico diferente do descrito na literatura, com uma grande porcentagem de pacientes com grau de incapacidade inicial II, uma alta frequência de estados reacionais e de complicações advindas do curso clínico da doença ou dos tratamentos implementados.(AU)

Introduction: This was an observational, longitudinal, retrospective and descriptive study of a cohort of patients. Objectives: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of the patients diagnosed with leprosy admitted to a reference medical center in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: All leprosy patients admitted to the dermatology clinic from the Hospital Universitário Gaffrée and Guinle between 2008 and 2017 were included. Pertinent patients' data were collected through medical charts review. Data were then analyzed through descriptive statistics using SPSS 22.0 software. Results:a total of 112 patients were included in the study. Among them, 54.5% were male, the median age was 49.9 years old, 62.4% were residents in the city of Rio de Janeiro and 69.9% presented multibacillary leprosy clinical forms. We evaluated the initial disability grade of 36 from the 112 included patients, and out of them, 25% had grade II disability. During multidrug therapy, 21 (18.8%) patients presented an adverse effect, which the most common was anemia related to dapsone. Fifty-nine (52.7%) patients presented leprosy reaction and 10 (8.9%) patients presented severe systemic complications during the follow-up. Conclusions: In the present study, it was observed a distinctive clinical and epidemiological leprosy profile. There was a high frequency of grade II initial disability, leprosy reaction and severe clinical complications due to the progression of the disease or as adverse effects of leprosy treatment. (AU)

Modernity and the regulation of bodies: Elias meets Foucault

This article seeks to reflect on the possibility of a meeting ground where Michel Foucault and Norbert Elias' thought comes together around the issue of the regulation of drives and bodily practices within modernity. Such drives - among which we highlight the use of force and violence, as well as the acceptable regulation of their release and applications - have been the object of particular procedures within the modern era, whether seen in relation to individuals or from to the social body.(AU)

Relato da ocorrência simultânea de escrofuloderma, eritema indurado de Bazin e tuberculide pápulo-necrótica em paciente imunocompetente / Report of simultaneous occurrence of scrofuloderma, Bazin's indurated erythema and papulonecrotic tuberculid on an immunocompetent patient

Modelo do estudo: relato de caso Importância do problema: A tuberculose é um grave problema de saúde no nosso país, no entanto poucos profissionais sabem identificar as formas extrapulmonares da doença, que são responsáveis por 23,3% dos óbitos por tuberculose no Brasil. Das formas extra-pulmonares, apenas 1-2% representam formas cutâneas. É importante que o médico generalista conheça as formas cutâneas de tuberculose, uma vez que pode ser a única manifestação da doença. O seu diagnóstico é um desafio, pois os exames tradicionais têm menor sensibilidade e especificidade para a apresentação cutânea em relação à forma pulmonar. No entanto, novos exames vêm sendo implantados como o GeneXpert. Comentários: Relatamos um caso raro de tuberculose cutânea em paciente imunocompetente, com a manifestação de três formas clínicas simultaneamente ­ escrofuloderma, tubercúlide papulonecrótica e eritema indurado de Bazin. A ocorrência de duas formas simultâneas é descrita na literatura mas a ocorrência de três formas simultâneas é inédita. Essa manifestação atípica foi de difícil diagnóstico clínico por simular outras doenças e os exames tradicionais como o RX de tórax, baciloscopia e cultura não evidenciaram o diagnóstico. A identificação do Mycobacterium tuberculosis só foi possível por meio da pesquisa de PCR com o GeneXpert, que mostrou positividade no escarro pulmonar e no exsudato do escrofuloderma, possibilitando iniciar o tratamento precocemente. Este novo exame de alta sensibilidade e especificidade no diagnóstico da tuberculose pulmonar mostrou-se de grande utilidade no diagnóstico deste caso atípico de tuberculose cutânea onde os exames tradicionais não definiram o diagnóstico. (AU)

Study: Case Report Importance: Tuberculosis is a serious health problem in Brazil. Nevertheless, only few physicians know how to identify the non-pulmonary cases of this disease, which can represent up to 23,3% of deaths caused by tuberculosis in Brazil. Among the non-pulmonary cases, only 1-2% affect the skin. It is important for the general physician to understand the cutaneous presentations of tuberculosis, once it can be the only symptom that the patient presents. Diagnosing cutaneous tuberculosis is a challenge, because traditional laboratory tests have smaller sensitivity and specificity for the cutaneous form in contrast to pulmonary tuberculosis. However, implementation of new exams such as GeneXpert may come in hand. Comments: We report a rare case of cutaneous tuberculosis on an immunocompetent patient, with three different simultaneous presentations - scrofuloderma, papulonecrotic tuberculids and Bazin's indurated erythema. Occurrence of two simultaneous presentations has been reported, however, three simultaneous forms have not. Diagnosing this atypical manifestation was very hard because the clinical presentation often mimics other dermatological conditions, and traditional laboratory testing such as chest X-ray, bacilloscopy and culture did not evidence infection. Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was only possible due to positive PCR testing through GeneXpert on pulmonary and scrofuloderma fluids, allowing rapid treatment initiation. This new high sensitivity and specificity exam proved to be of great value when diagnosing this atypical cutaneous tuberculosis case, in which diagnose was not possible through traditional laboratory testing. (AU)

Relato da experiência da realização de pequenos procedimentos em dermatologia em Hospital Universitário / Report of the experience of small procedures in dermatology at University Hospital

Modelo do estudo: Cohort. Objetivos: Relatar a experiência do setor de Pequenos Procedimentos em Dermatologia do Hospital Universitário Gaffrée e Guinle, determinando os diagnósticos, tipos de tratamentos e resolutividade. Metodologia: Trata-se de estudo prospectivo, observacional, por meio da coleta de dados dos pacientes do Programa de Saúde da Família da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde do Rio de Janeiro encaminhados para a realização de pequenos procedimentos em dermatologia, durante um período de 31 semanas. Resultados: Foram atendidos 884 pacientes. As lesões benignas representaram 77,5% dos diagnósticos clínicos e as malignas 22,5%. Os diagnósticos mais frequentes foram de cisto (133) e carcinoma basocelular (128). Os procedimentos mais realizados foram a excisão e sutura simples (337) e a retirada de lesão por shaving mais eletrocoagulação (161). No total, 98,3% dos procedimentos foram de cirurgia dermatológica básica e 1,7% dos casos necessitaram de procedimentos avançados. Além disso, 90,8% dos pacientes foram operados no dia do primeiro atendimento e 3,7% precisaram ser encaminhados para outras especialidades cirúrgicas. Conclusão: Um serviço de cirurgia dermatológica estruturado para a realização de pequenos procedimentos, em caráter ambulatorial, permite prover atendimento resolutivo à grande maioria dos pacientes com essa necessidade. (AU)

Study design: Cohort study. Objectives: To report the experience of the Small Procedures Division, Dermatology Department, at Gaffrée and Guinle University Hospital, including a description of diagnoses, types of treatment, and efficacy. Methods: This is a prospective, observational study that consisted of data compilation of patients referred from the primary Family Health Program, Local Health Department, to an University Hospital for the performance of small dermatological procedures, encompassing a period of 31 weeks. Results: Overall, 884 patients underwent procedures. Benign lesions comprised 77.5% of the clinical diagnoses, while malignant lesions constituted 22.5%. The most frequent diagnoses were cyst (133) and basal cell carcinoma (128). The most commonly performed procedures were simple excision and suture (337) and lesion removal through shaving plus electrocoagulation (161). 98.3% of the procedures consisted of basic dermatological surgeries and 1.7% of the cases required advanced procedures. In addition, 90.8% of the patients were operated on the first day of care, on the other hand 3.7% were referred to other surgical specialties. Conclusion: A Dermatologic Surgery Department structured to perform small outpatient procedures provides efficacious care to the vast majority of referred patients (AU)

Secondary syphilis presenting as a corymbiform syphilide: case report and review.

It is essential that healthcare providers are familiar with the full spectrum of clinical presentations of syphilis. A rare manifestation of secondary syphilis is the corymbiform (or corymbose) arrangement, in which a central greater papule is surrounded by smaller satellite lesions. Very few reports of corymbiform syphilis are available in current biomedical databases. We present the case of a 28 year-old HIV-infected male patient on regular, successful antiretroviral therapy who developed an asymptomatic corymbiform maculopapular lesion in the medial aspect of the right thigh. There were also a few brownish macular lesions on the left sole. New serological tests for syphilis (which had been negative in the past) were reactive. The coymbiform lesion slowly regressed and the non-treponemal test reverted to negative after benzathine penicillin G treatment. A review of the literature is provided. This is the first report of corymbiform syphilis in an HIV-infected patient.

Paradoxical skin reaction with infliximab treatment / Reação cutânea paradoxal com tratamento com infliximabe

Considering the increased utilization of anti-TNF medications in the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, dermatologists should be aware of the possible adverse skin reactions. We describe a case of inverted psoriasis due to the use of infliximab used in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. (AU)

Com o aumento do uso de anti-TNF no tratamento de doenças inflamatórias e auto-imunes, os dermatologistas devem estar conscientes da possibilidade de reações cutâneas adversas. Apresentamos um caso de psoríase invertida devido ao uso de infliximab utilizado no tratamento da doença inflamatória intestinal. (AU)

Secondary syphilis presenting as leucoderma syphiliticum: case report and review.

Leucoderma syphiliticum (LS), originally described as syphilide pigmentaire, encompasses a spectrum of dyschromic lesions that emerge during the course of secondary syphilis. Very few case reports are available in modern biomedical databases. We present the case of a 57-year-old HIV-infected male patient who presented with several round to oval, non-scaling, slightly raised and well-demarcated hypochromic lesions scattered over the trunk, abdomen, dorsum, and arms. Prior non-treponemal tests were negative for syphilis, but novel studies yielded positive results at high titers. Skin lesions slowly regressed and the hypochromic areas repigmented a few weeks after benzathine penicillin G treatment. This is the first report of LS in an HIV-infected patient. A review of modern and ancient literature was performed. The present case report emphasizes the need for clinicians to have a heightened awareness of the varied and unusual clinical phenotypes of syphilis.

Rapidly Progressive Disseminated Sporotrichosis as the First Presentation of HIV Infection in a Patient with a Very Low CD4 Cell Count.

Sporotrichosis is a human and animal disease caused by species of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. It is classically acquired through traumatic inoculation of fungal elements. Most frequently, sporotrichosis presents as a fixed cutaneous or as a lymphocutaneous form. A much smaller number of cases occur as cutaneous disseminated and disseminated forms. These cases require immediate diagnosis and management to reduce morbidity and mortality. We present the case of a 34-year-old male patient in whom the first presentation of HIV infection was a rapidly progressive sporotrichosis with multiple cutaneous lesions, a high fungal burden in tissues, and pulmonary involvement. He had an extremely low CD4 cell count (06/mm3). Treatment with amphotericin B deoxycholate led to complete clinical resolution. Sporotrichosis remains a neglected opportunistic infection among HIV-infected patients in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil, and awareness of this potentially fatal infection is of utmost importance if treatment is not to be delayed and if potentially devastating complications are to be avoided.

Sarcoid-like paracoccidioidomycosis: case report

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Paracoccidioides spp, is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in immunocompetent individuals in Brazil. The fungus lives in the soil and usually infects the patient through inhalation of airborne propagules, the lungs being the portal of entry. In areas of larger endemicity, such as Brazil, the annual incidence reaches 3 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Cutaneous lesions in PCM are frequent and ulcer or ulcerous-vegetative lesions are the commonest morphological type, followed by the infiltrative pattern. The histology shows a dermal granulomatous inflammation. Infiltrative PCM can be easily misdiagnosed, once clinical and histological similarities may occur specially with cutaneous sarcoidosis. We describe a case of cutaneous paracoccidioidomycosis misdiagnosed as sarcoidosis both in clinical examination and in the histopathological analysis. Further exams confirmed Paracoccidioides sp. as the causative agent through mycological cultures and Grocott's stain. We believe this case may help physicians around the world to suspect and consider PCM as a differential diagnosis, especially if the patient has traveled to endemic area or the current therapy for sarcoidosis lacks clinical improvement. (AU)

Importância do problema: Paracoccidioidomicose (PCM) é a micose sistêmica mais prevalente em indivíduos imunocompetentes no Brasil, sendo causado pelo fungo dimórfico Paracoccidioides spp. O fungo vive no solo e geralmente sua porta de entrada no paciente ocorre pelos pulmões por inalação de propágulos presentes no ar. Em áreas de maior endemicidade, como no Brasil, a incidência chega a três casos por 100 mil habitantes. As lesões cutâneas na PCM são frequentes. Lesões ulceradas ou ulcerovegetantes são os tipos morfológicos mais comuns, sendo o padrão infiltrativo o segundo mais descrito. A histologia demonstra inflamação granulomatosa na derme. A PCM infiltrativa pode ser facilmente confundida com sarcoidose, visto que ambas possuem similaridades clínicas e histopatológicas. Comentários: Nós descrevemos um caso de PCM cutânea com diagnóstico inicial incorreto de sarcoidose, tanto pelo quadro morfológico, como pelo exame histopatológico semelhante. Exames posteriores revelaram a presença de Paracoccidioides sp na coloração pelo Grocott e na cultura do material para fungos. Os autores acreditam que esse caso possa ajudar médicos a suspeitarem e considerarem PCM no diagnóstico diferencial de lesões cutâneas infiltrativas, especialmente se houver história epidemiológica de viagem a área endêmica ou resposta insatisfatória ao tratamento para sarcoidose. (AU)

Mycosis fungoides preceding lymphomatoid papulosis

Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) is defined as a chronic, recurrent, self-healing papulonecrotic or papulonodular skin disease with histologic features suggestive of a (CD30-positive) malignant lymphoma. In up to 20% of patients, LyP are preceded by, associated with, or followed by another type of cutaneous or systemic lymphoma, generally mycosis fungoides (MF), primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (C-ALCL). In this case, we describe a case of MF that preceded and continued to coexist with LyP type C.(AU)

A papulose linfomatóide (LyP) é definida como uma doença cutânea papulonecrótica ou papulonodular crônica, recorrente, com características histológicas sugestivas de linfoma maligno (CD30-positivo). Em até 20% dos pacientes, o LyP é precedido por, associado ou seguido por outro tipo de linfoma cutâneo ou sistêmico, geralmente micose fungóide (MF), linfoma cutâneo primário de células grandes anaplásicas (C-ALCL). Neste caso, descrevemos um caso de MF que precedeu e continuou a coexistir com LyP tipo C. (AU)